What are the possible causes?
According to the World Health Organization:
- Increased energy intake of high fat food
- Physical inactivity
- Environmental and societal changes
- Lack of education on nutrition
- Lack of sleep
Consequences for obesity
According to Ebbeling, Pawlak & Ludwig (2012):
- Cardiovascular disease (hypertension, dyslipidaemia, chronic inflammation, increased blood clotting tendency, and endothelial dysfunction)
- Endocrine dysfunction (type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinaemia, and insulin resistance), which may lead to devastating consequences